The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action or the object, not on the person doing the action. 🔹 Structure : Subject + to be (conjugated) + past participle (+ by + agent) 🔹 Passive in different tenses : | Tense | Active | Passive | | Present simple | He builds a house. | A house is built (by him). | | Past simple | She wrote the letter. | The letter was written (by her). | | Future simple | They will close the school. | The school will be closed. | | Present continuous | He is reading the book. | The book is being read. | | Present perfect | She has finished the work. | The work has been finished. | | Modal verbs | You must do this task. | This task must be done. | 🔹 Rules : • Only transitive verbs (verbs with a direct object) can be made passive. • The agent (doer) is introduced by 'by' and can be omitted if unknown. • The past participle never changes form. 🔹 When to use the passive : • When the agent is unknown: The window was broken. • When the agent is obvious: He was arrested. (by the police) • In formal/scientific writing: The experiment was conducted in 2023. • To focus on the result: The bridge has been repaired.

📝 Active → Passive transformations : 1. The teacher corrects the tests. → The tests are corrected by the teacher. 2. Somebody stole my bag. → My bag was stolen. 3. They will build a new school. → A new school will be built. 4. The government has launched a new programme. → A new programme has been launched by the government. 5. You must respect the rules. → The rules must be respected. 📝 Identify the tense : 1. The food is being prepared. → Present continuous passive 2. The letter was delivered yesterday. → Past simple passive 3. The results will be announced tomorrow. → Future simple passive