A narrative text tells a story. At this advanced level, we study not only the plot but also narrative techniques, point of view, and deeper meanings. 🔹 Elements of a narrative text : • Setting — where and when the story takes place • Characters — the people/animals in the story • Plot — the sequence of events (exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution) • Conflict — the main problem or struggle • Theme — the central message or lesson • Point of view — who tells the story 🔹 Points of view : • First person (I/we) — the narrator is a character in the story • Third person limited (he/she) — narrator knows one character's thoughts • Third person omniscient — narrator knows all characters' thoughts 🔹 Narrative techniques to identify : • flashback — going back in time • foreshadowing — hints at future events • dialogue — characters speak directly • description — creates atmosphere and setting • symbolism — objects/events represent deeper meanings 🔹 Useful vocabulary : • turning point — the moment everything changes (climax) • protagonist — the main character • antagonist — the character opposing the protagonist • moral — the lesson learned from the story

📝 Read this extract and answer : 'Mariama had always dreamed of becoming a doctor. Growing up in a small village in the Casamance, she had watched her mother struggle without access to a hospital. The day she received her scholarship letter, she sat under the mango tree and wept — not from sadness, but from the weight of a dream finally within reach.' 1. Who is the protagonist? → Mariama 2. What is the setting? → A small village in the Casamance 3. What is the conflict? → The lack of access to healthcare / difficulty achieving her dream 4. What does the mango tree possibly symbolise? → Home, roots, shelter — a familiar place in African storytelling 5. What is the point of view? → Third person limited (we follow Mariama's perspective) 6. What is the theme? → Perseverance, the power of education and dreams