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A discursive essay presents both sides of an argument before reaching a balanced conclusion. It is different from an opinion essay (which only defends one view).
🔹 Structure :
Introduction :
• Introduce the topic with a general statement or a striking fact
• State the debate without taking sides yet
• Announce the plan
Body paragraph 1 — Arguments FOR :
• Topic sentence + 2-3 arguments + examples
Body paragraph 2 — Arguments AGAINST :
• Topic sentence + 2-3 counter-arguments + examples
Conclusion :
• Balanced summary of both sides
• Personal opinion (clearly stated)
• Final recommendation
🔹 Useful language :
• Presenting both sides: On one hand... / On the other hand...
• Arguments for: A key argument in favour of... / Supporters argue that...
• Arguments against: Critics claim that... / A major drawback is...
• Balanced conclusion: All things considered... / Weighing up the arguments... / On balance, I believe...
🔹 Discursive vs Opinion essay :
• Discursive — presents BOTH sides, balanced, conclusion is nuanced
• Opinion — defends ONE position throughout
📝 Essay plan — 'Is technology making us less social?'
Introduction:
Technology has transformed human communication. But while some celebrate its power to connect people, others argue it is making us more isolated than ever. This essay will explore both sides of the debate.
Arguments FOR (technology reduces social interaction):
• People prefer texting to face-to-face conversation
• Smartphones reduce attention during family meals
• Online friendships are often superficial
Arguments AGAINST (technology enhances social life):
• Social media connects people across continents
• Online communities support isolated individuals
• Video calls allow families separated by distance to stay close
Conclusion:
'All things considered, technology has both positive and negative effects on our social lives. On balance, I believe that technology is a tool — its impact depends on how we choose to use it. Responsible use can enhance human connection; excessive use can damage it. We must therefore use technology consciously and maintain real-world relationships.'
What is the difference between a discursive essay and an opinion essay?
Correction
A discursive essay presents both sides of a debate and reaches a balanced conclusion. An opinion essay defends a single position throughout, with no balanced presentation of the opposite view.
Give two phrases to introduce arguments FOR something.
Correction
'On one hand...' / 'Supporters argue that...' / 'A key argument in favour of... is that...' / 'One major advantage is...'
Give two phrases to introduce arguments AGAINST something.
Correction
'On the other hand...' / 'Critics claim that...' / 'A major drawback is...' / 'Opponents argue that...'
Write an introduction for a discursive essay on: 'Should school uniforms be compulsory?'
Correction
Example: School uniforms are worn by millions of students around the world. While some believe they promote equality and discipline, others argue they restrict individual expression. This essay will examine both perspectives before reaching a balanced conclusion.
Write a balanced conclusion for the topic above.
Correction
All things considered, school uniforms have both advantages and disadvantages. On balance, I believe they are beneficial in creating a sense of equality and reducing social pressure, as long as they are reasonably priced and do not completely eliminate students' individual identity.