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La science et la technologie transforment profondément nos sociétés. Thème central du programme 1ère/Terminale. Domaines majeurs : intelligence artificielle (AI), biotechnologie, énergie renouvelable, exploration spatiale, médecine moderne, révolution numérique, réseaux sociaux. Impact positif : amélioration de la santé (vaccins, chirurgie), facilitation de la communication, accès à l'information, solutions au changement climatique, croissance économique. Impact négatif : chômage technologique, fracture numérique (digital divide), problèmes de vie privée (data privacy), dépendance aux écrans, cybercrimes, risques éthiques de l'IA et du clonage. Débats éthiques : faut-il réguler l'IA ? Les OGM sont-ils dangereux ? L'accès à internet est-il un droit humain fondamental ? Vocabulaire clé : artificial intelligence, renewable energy, biotechnology, digital divide, privacy, innovation, automation, cybersecurity, algorithm, social media.
Exercice 1 : Répondez en anglais.
1. What are two positive impacts of technology on healthcare?
2. What is the 'digital divide' and why is it a problem?
3. What ethical issues does artificial intelligence raise?
Exercice 2 : Rédigez un mini-essai (150 mots) sur :
'Has technology made our lives better or worse? Give your opinion with examples.'
What is the digital divide?
Correction
The digital divide refers to the gap between those who have access to digital technologies (internet, computers, smartphones) and those who do not, due to economic, geographical, or social factors. In developing countries, rural areas often lack internet infrastructure. This gap creates inequalities in education, employment, and access to information.
What are the main ethical concerns about artificial intelligence?
Correction
Key ethical concerns about AI include: (1) job displacement — automation may eliminate millions of jobs; (2) bias — AI systems trained on biased data can produce discriminatory outcomes; (3) privacy — AI systems collect and analyse massive amounts of personal data; (4) autonomous weapons — AI in military applications raises life-or-death ethical questions; (5) accountability — when an AI makes a harmful decision, who is responsible?
How can renewable energy address climate change?
Correction
Renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal) do not produce greenhouse gas emissions during operation, unlike fossil fuels. By replacing coal and oil power plants with clean energy, countries can reduce CO2 emissions and slow global warming. Africa, including Senegal, has enormous solar potential that can provide clean electricity to rural communities.